How Does a Spectrometer Work?
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Take a look inside the optical bench of an Ocean Optics miniature spectrometer. In spectroscopy, photons encounter many components and undergo a variety of processes before registering as a spectrum. Let’s see what happens to these photons once they enter the spectrometer!
Learn more about the power of spectroscopy at https://oceanoptics.com
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DNA Extraction from Plant Cells Practical Experiment
This video shows how to extract DNA from plant leaves using commonly available kitchen ingredients.
Do check out my other genetics related experiments by clicking on GeneticsLab ThomasTKtungnung above the video title.
DNA is one of the genetic materials of most living organisms including plants , animals, bacteria, fungi and viruses. It is the hereditary material responsible for the passing on of characters of the parents to their offsprings through generations. Information is stored within the DNA molecule in the form of genes which are made up of several codons formed by the 4 nitrogen bases Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine and Guanine in different combinations. Each codon is made up of a combination of any 3 of these 4 bases and are called triplet codons. These triplet codons are transcribed into the complementary mRNA which is then transalted into the corresponding amino acids encoded by the triplet codons. These translated amino acids eventually form proteins, enzymes and other biomolecules that drive the various physiological functions within the organism.
Extraction and isolation of this important molecule is the first step in any experiment on Genetic engineering or Recombinant DNA technology.
In biotechnology research, Extraction of DNA is carried out using expensive enzymes and and chemicals under controlled conditions in a lab setting.
One can also extract and isolate DNA using cheap and easily available materials that one can find in any household. Although it’s a rudimentary alternative to the method employed in the laboratory, the basic principle remains the same. The material is crushed to separate the cells. The cell wall and cell membrane of the cells are then destroyed to reveal the DNA which is then extrated into a form that’s visible to the naked eyes.
In this video, we try to extract and isolate DNA from a plant material such as leaves, using materials that you can find in your kitchen.
To perform DNA extraction from plant cells, you’ll need the following:
Blender or Pestle and Mortar
Weighing scale
Strainer or a funnel with filter paper
250ml beaker or cup
Ice cold water
Table spoon or spatula
Test tube or a small graduated cyliner
5ml or 10 ml syringe or measuring pipette
Glass rod or plastic straw
Sodium Chloride (Common salt):
Detergent powder or Liquid soap or SDS:
Meat tenderizer or Ice cold freshly prepared Pineapple juice or Papaya juice (both are enzyme sources):
Ice cold Ethanol or Isopropanol (Rubbing alcohol):
To begin the experiment, weigh 50100 grams of the plant material.
Transfer it into a pestle and mortar or a blender and blend it with about 100ml of ice cold water and half a teaspoon of Common salt.
Filter the blended mixture into a beaker using a strainer or a funnel with a filter paper cone.
Add a tablespoon of detergent powder, dishwahing liquid soap or SDS to the filtrate in the beaker and stir the mixture gently.
Allow the mixture to stand for 510minutes.
After 10mins or so, transfer about 10ml of the mixture in the beaker into a test tube or graduated cylinder.
Add a pinch of meat tenderizer or about 5ml of pineapple or papaya juice to it. Gently agitate the test tube to mix the two liquids.
Wait for 510mins for the digestion reaction to occur.
Now, hold the test tube in an inclined position and using a glass rod or a pipette, carefully add about 5ml of ice cold rubbing alcohol or ethanol such that the alcohol flows gently down the inner wall of the tube and forms a layer on top of the digested plant extract in the tube.
Observe the interface between the two liquids. You will find the DNA begin to precipitate in the alcohol in the form of white, gelatinous strings or clumps.
You can separate and remove the DNA thus obtained, by spooling it onto a plastic straw or a wooden stick.
This is all about extracting DNA from plant cells that you can perform at home.
Thanks for watching.
How To Use A Spectrophotometer
Spectrophotometer Use
Demonstration
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